There are three "vehicles" or major branches of doctrine in
contemporary Buddhism:

  1. Theravada, or Southern Buddhism is practiced in Sri Lanka, Burma, Cambodia, Thailand, etc.
  2. Mahayana, or Northern Buddhism, which includes all the schools of China, Japan, Vietnam, and Korea. Zen is a Mahayana tradition.
  3. Vajrayana, or Tibetan Buddhism.

The vehicles are nested, in that all the doctrines and scriptures of Theravada are accepted in the other two, and Vajrayana is a development of, and discards nothing from, Mahayana. There are several active schools within the Tibetan tradition, some of which practice mahamudra, which is barely distinguishable from Zen. The Tibetan schools have developed many threads of Tantric practice and some fairly deep psychology.


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