July 2001




Saturday, July 14
Lotus Festival at Echo Park


Every year the City of Los Angeles celebrates its Asian-Pacific Islander heritage by holding the Lotus Festival at Echo Park Lake. And every year IBMC participates by rowing in the Dragon Boat Races. We invite you to participate with us in this fun event by either being an oarsperson or coming along as a supporter of our crew.

We begin the festival on Saturday, July 14, with Rev. Karuna, Rev. Shanti and our monks who “Open the Dragon Eyes” in order to assure the safety of the races. Dr. Thien-An was asked to perform the ceremony 25 years ago, when the first dragon boat races began, and we have carried on the tradition every year since then.

The festival features food booths, craft tables, such as spinning candy dragons, and ethnic arts tables where you can buy Asian crafts. They also have a flower island and birds of all kinds. This is a great festival and we urge you all to join us on Saturday. We will leave the center at 10 am. If you want to join us at the park, you should be there by 10:30, as we perform the ceremony at 11 am. We will row in the first race following the ceremony.

We are looking for volunteers to come support our rowing team of four men and four women. Please call Amrit at our office in case you are interested. We have newly designed tshirts to wear to mark the day.

Rev. Kusala offers one day
seminar on Basic Buddhism

Rev. Kusala, Thich Tam Thien, is offering a one day seminar/retreat on July 21 from 9 am to 5 pm. The seminar will focus on the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path and how to actualize these in your daily life.

The talks and discussion will be interspersed with periods of sitting in order to help the students to incorporate them fully into their being.

If you are interested or want more information, contact Rev. Kusala directly by leaving a message on his e-Mail... RevKusala@earthlink.net . He will get back to you as soon as possible.

The fee for the seminar is $25 and includes lunch.Let him know no later than July 16 that you are planning to attend so that he can make the necessary arrangements.

Kwan Yin Observances - 7/15

Every year we observe Kwan Yin Day in honor of the great Bodhisattva of compassion, who has taken the vow to help all beings in difficulty who call upon her for help. Followng service there will be a vegetarian potluck in the garden, so bring a dish to share, This year Ven. Karuna will hold a brief sitting on Sunday, July 15 in Kwan Yin’s honor from 2 pm until 4 pm. We will study the legends which grew up around her and practice meditations associated particularly with her. There is no fee for this sitting period.

On Sunday, the possibility of opening up. And still more opening appeared. I regarded physical tension in my fingers and toes as a clinging that impaired my sense of wholeness of things, of people, as something to be cherished and protected against artificial divisions. The process was something like thinking, but more like appreciation. Surrender to wholeness is more like a gain than a loss.

On Monday I was awakened by some very pleasant whole body vibratory sensation. After a period of this I remembered your remarks about “makkyo”, realized that I had lost my center in this, and detached from the feeling. After this I was disturbed by recollections of a violent TV drama my husband and I had watched earlier in the evening; became awrare that some of the disturbance was from a punitive attitude I held toward the offenders in the drama.

On Wednesday addressed the koan “What is my original face?” Looking deeply into this a sense of my face as subjective arose. Then my face as objective arose. There was some wavering, then the two became one. A satisying experience. Later while meditating, I sent metta to various people. As I came to the Reverend Sakya Bodhi, a great sense of gratitude toward him arose, and then something more. It was a sense of identity or something of the sort, as though he has become parental to me. At any rate I am linked to him despite the wishes of either of us. Should he ask me today., :Who are you”, I might reply “You.” This has a strange impersonal quality.

On Saturday some insights about my relation to my parents. Then contemplation of the topic of choice and that the real and actual has no element of choice about it. On Monday, Jan. 15, while walking about, had a realization that some concern I have long carried for my safety was no longer necessary.

In short, I feel that your visit has given my meditation a new direction and has been very fruitful. Again I thank you.

Joan C Anderson



Letter from a
Greatful Meditator


Dear Reverend Sakya Bodhi,

Since your visit a week ago Friday, my meditative experience has taken on a new quality and direction. As you requested I shall try to write an accouint of it.

First of all, I recollected my responses to you, and saw in them my effort to present a”self” to you, a “self” that has studied Buddhism and knows something about it, All this I saw as futile, and somewhat embarrassing; but still a valuable insight.

Next I addressed the question “Who am I?” The response “a human” arose, and along with it the sense of how shallow such a word is, though of course it meant something. And of course I am human. But this is not so simple. A doubt arose. Am I really human? By then I was quite a bit more awake than usual.

In its odinary understanding, “human” applies to a whole class of creatures. Do I really see myself as one of that whole class of creatures? Or do I make distinctions and hold reservations?Plainly I have devoted much of my time to creating and maintaining those distinctions I have regarded as “me”; and none of this seems applicable when I try to answer your question “Who are you?” Whatever I am must also hold for other humans regardless of race, gender, or ethnicity, or even degree of civilization.

In addition, it arises that if I am not self made, then my human nature is given, or has arisenof itself apart from any effort of mine; and it is that nature I am seeking to know. A further intiuition had to do with the earth and the sense of gravity to which we humans are oriented -- the earth gives us a place: in some way I cannot define we are grounded.

The inquiry this far led me to make a clearer distinction between my authentic self and an ego self of concepts and desires. Meditation and the cultivation of mindfulness take new meaning here. All this occurred in the day following your visit, which was a Friday.

On Sunday, the possibility of opening up. And still more opening appeared. I regarded physical tension in my fingers and toes as a clinging that impaired my sense of wholeness of things, of people, as something to be cherished and protected against artificial divisions. The process was something like thinking, but more like appreciation. Surrender to wholeness is more like a gain than a loss.

On Monday I was awakened by some very pleasant whole body vibratory sensation. After a period of this I remembered your remarks about “makkyo”, realized that I had lost my center in this, and detached from the feeling. After this I was disturbed by recollections of a violent TV drama my husband and I had watched earlier in the evening; became awrare that some of the disturbance was from a punitive attitude I held toward the offenders in the drama.

On Wednesday addressed the koan “What is my original face?” Looking deeply into this a sense of my face as subjective arose. Then my face as objective arose. There was some wavering, then the two became one. A satisying experience. Later while meditating, I sent metta to various people. As I came to the Reverend Sakya Bodhi, a great sense of gratitude toward him arose, and then something more. It was a sense of identity or something of the sort, as though he has become parental to me. At any rate I am linked to him despite the wishes of either of us. Should he ask me today., :Who are you”, I might reply “You.” This has a strange impersonal quality.

On Saturday some insights about my relation to my parents. Then contemplation of the topic of choice and that the real and actual has no element of choice about it. On Monday, Jan. 15, while walking about, had a realization that some concern I have long carried for my safety was no longer necessary.

In short, I feel that your visit has given my meditation a new direction and has been very fruitful. Again I thank you.

Joan C Anderson

July Events

Sunday talks


1/1 The Four Jhanas
11am Rev. Kusala

1/8 The Illusion of Life
11am Ven. Dr. Karuna Dharma

1/15 Voices from Prison
11am Bro. Ksanti Karuna

11/22 Arhat Sariputra
11am Ven. Havanpola Shantu

11/29 What Is Practice?
11am Bro. Jñana Karuna Vajra

Classes at IBMC

College classes are on summer vacation and will resume in September

Wed. Applied Buddhism
7:00 Rev. Kusala

Wed Lotus Sutra & Monks’ Training
7:00 Ven. Dr. Karuna Dharma

Special Events

7/14 Lotus Festival at Echo Park
10:30 am - 7 pm

7/15 Kwan Yin Day observances
12:30 garden luncheon
2-4 meditattion
with Ven. Karuna Dharma

7/21 Seminar on Basic Buddhism
9-5 Kusala Ratna Karuna

Meditation times

Mon, Sun evenings from 5:00-7:00 pm, led by Rev. Sakya Bodhi

Wed evening: 7-9 pm, led by Rev. Kusala
Fri evening: 7:30-9 pm, led by Rev. Kusala


Ven. Havanpola Shanti was awarded his Doctor of Dharna degree from the College of Buddhist Studies on May 11, 2001. We congratulate him for his hard work in carrying on Dr. Ratanasara’s vision of a united American Buddhism.

Emptiness, by Ven. Dr. Karuna Dharma

For many centuries most Western people had thought that the universe was a permanent thing, put into place by a Creator God, with the earth at its center. They reasoned that such a complex system could not come into existence except through the creation of a superior intelligence. They named that superior intelligence God and declared his permanence. They believed that humankind reflected the image of God and contained also an immortal essence, which they termed soul. So, while things around them might change, they reasoned, at least they were assured of permanence, an eternal existence after death if they lived in accordance with God's will.

In India twenty-six centuries ago, Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha,when he turned the Wheel of Dharma and began to teach, presented a philosophy which differed significantly from the current belief systems of India by presenting a profound spiritual path, which had at its very core a denial of both a Creator/sustainer God and atman or soul. Instead, the Buddha proclaimed that the truths of the universe are three: anitya,a nicca, (impermanence with its constant change-ability) duhkha, dukkha (unsatisfactoriness or suffering, as many Westerners mistranslate the term) and anatman, anatta (lack of a soul).

These three chartacteristics apply to all things, all phenomena, and are frequently called the three characteristics of all being. The one great law of the universe is change. There is no permanence anywhere. Even those things which appear to be permanent and unchanging also are in a constant state of change. The mountains appear to be permanent and unchanging, but their very existence is the result of tectonic forces within the crust and mantle of the earth. Volcanoes, inactive for many centuries come alive and new ones pop into existence. Earthquakes build mountain ranges. Ocean becomes land and land becomes ocean. These changes never cease. All matter itself is alive with constant change. Its very nature is a mass of constantly moving energy. Rocks may appear to be inert objects, but in actuality, their very structure is one of constant movement.

In his enlightenment experience the Buddha witnessed the arising and disappearing of entire universe systems. He saw very clearly that all things are impermanent, that they arise, mature and pass away. He recognized that all things are comprised of conditioned states and that there is no permanent essence to anything. He also realized that the arising and disappearing of states of existence occurred because of various conditions. Should any condition change, the object changed or disappeared. The constant creation and modifications that occur are seen as the natural result of the influence of all beings that live within that sphere. We, then, along with all other beings, create our own world. This is sometimes called collective karma or collective action. There is no beginning or end to this process which continues endlessly, because of desire and aversion, which are followed by craving and clinging and produce the constant re-enactment of bringing into existence all manner of things, physical, mental and emotional.

The Buddha taught that all conditioned things are impermanent and constantly changing and that they have no permanent essence. He explained that while we may think of ourselves as single objects of existence, in fact humans are made up of a collection of five conditioned, impermanent states: body (rupa), sense contacts and sensations (vedana), perceptions and conceptions, (samjña), volitional actions and karmic tendencies, (samskaras) and basic consciousness (vijñana). These collections (skandhas) of things are the true nature of the person and they are constantly changing. The body grows old, becomes ill and dies. Sense contacts lead to perception and conception, and these are constantly changing. Our karmic activities never cease and underlying all these is the basal consciousness, which at death also disappears with all of the other skandhas.

Things do not exist because they have an innate quality to them. Rather, they come into existence because they have no innate quality. They are created out of our own desires. Because there is no fixed quality to anything, anything can be “created” or come into existence. Each creation carries within it its seeds of destruction, because the conditions which brought it into existence cannot continue ad infinitum. So there is the endless round of the process of production and extinction, fueled by desire, which arises from a profound ignorance of the conditionality of things, of what causes our own suffering. This ignorance comes from a basic misun-derstanding of the nature of all things. The mistaken and fabricated notion of an ego creates within us a need to make permanent those things which we desire. Since we desire more than anything immortality, we create the notion on an immortal self or soul. This belief in an immortal soul is viewed as the cause of the endless round of our unsatisfactory existences.

The Buddha explained that we should not become too attached to our bodies and their sensual experiences and thoughts that arise from them, because the attachment to our bodies and to life causes us great dukkha, suffering and misery. As mentioned earlier, He taught that each human being is a collection of five conditions called skandhas. These are body-form (rupa), sensations and perceptions (vedana), conceptions or thought (samjña) and basal consciousness (vijñana). All five of these are necessary for a sentient being to exist. These clearly are all conditional. Sense contact brings us sense experiences which we then term as desirable or undesirable. From this judgment arises the desire to re-experience similar sensual experiences, which leads directly to attachment. This attachment then leads to a great thirst or craving for the experience. Soon we are entrapped in the need to continue such experiences, for we feel we need or want them. But all experience is very momentary. Hardly have we grasped onto one, when it disappears and a new attraction grabs our minds. Soon we are enmeshed in a great, complex web of desire, all of which is very transitory, and thus unsatisfactory.

When the preson dies, these five skandhas break apart and disappear. Since Buddhism teaches that rebitrth occurs unless full complete enlightenment has been reached, what is it then that is reborn? Hinduism posits that it is the atman, the soul, that tiny bit of Brahma which is searching to become reunited with its maker, an unchanging entirty that reincarnates, taking on another bodily form. Buddhism does not agree. The Buddha taught in his second sermon that atman is an illusion, that a fundamental law of the universe in anatman, no soul.

What Buddhism does see as causing rebirth is the constantly changing energy or process, that ends only when the fuel, one’s basic ignorance and attachment to “self” , is ended. The psycho-physical organism which has died without attaining Nirvana still clings tenaciously to life in the mistaken notion that he/she has a separate, permanent self. This self, the ego, carries a heavy load of perpetual habit energy (samskaras), all centered around self-involvement, self-love, or even self-hate. This basic ignorance, enmeshed in the idea of a permanent self, encumbered with a packet of strong habit energies, and fueled by a tremendous desire for existence, propels the basal consciousness of the being, which is now latent and inactive, forward into rebirth, which is the natural consequence of the person’s own craving. The rebirth process is the result of the basic ignorance and habit energy forces, not the result of the reincarnation of the soul, and it is this continuity that creates the illusion of a soul. Remember, think of yourself and all things not as things but as processes. This will help in your understanding. Buddhists differ from theistic based religions by perceiving of all phenomena as processes rather than things.

The Buddha stated that for us to become free from the constant round of rebirth and suffering, we would need to realize the changing nature of things in its true perspective, so that we could free ourselves from the need for certain experiences, attachment to self and to the illusion of permanence.

One of the major causes of dukkha is our puny attempts to make impermanent things permanent. We want to amass and hold on to things which please our ego concepts. We strive to hold on to youth, to wealth, to fame, to romance. All of these experiences are fleeting. They arise, mature and disintegrate. It is not change itself which causes the greatest pain, it is our resistance to this change that causes the real dukkha. The Buddha again and again explained: "Impermanent indeed are all conditioned things; they are of the nature of arising and passing away. Having come into being, they cease to exist. Hence their pacification is tranquillity."

He urged his disciples to truly understand the ultimate nature of all things, that is their impermanence. He had his disciples meditate upon the disintegration of things, including their own bodies, in order to try to break their inordinate clinging to objects of all kinds: physical, vocal or mental.

Once the individual truly sees that things cannot be grasped for more than a few moments, then these unhealthy attachments and aversions can be given up and the practitioner can be freed from the enslavement he has produced for himself.

Whern a being becomes enlightened the karmic bonds are broken. The person no longer acts out of self interest. He/she is no longer plagued by ignorance, delusion or passions. Instead, all action is free from desire and aversion and does not create karmic consequences. The self which had been erroneously fabricated has ceased to exist.

Upon the death of a fully enlightened one, since there is no delusion, no desire for life, no habit energy which drives one’s behavior, one then enters parinirvana, the state of supreme bliss, the Dharmakaya. There is no longer any separate separation, no separate identity.

Now, it is the concepts of anitya, impermanence, and anatman, non-soul which lie at the base of the Mahayana concept of emptiness. Once you understand these two concepts, you are ready to understand sunyata or emptiness.

I prefer to use the term sunyata, since its English equvalents, emptiness or the void, are easily mixed up with the concept of nothingness, which is then thought of as the absence of somethingness. Sunyata, called Mu in Japanese has little to do with the phenomenalogical existence of somethingness/nothingness.

Sunyata goes far beyond those distinctions. It does not stand in the middle between isness/not isness or both isness and not isness or even neither isness nor not isness. Sunyata stands above all these concepts.

We say everything has the nature of sunyata. It is because of this idea, that phenomena and absolute truth are the same thing seen from different angles. Therefore when we chant the Heart Sutra, we deny the existence of all things, all those things fundamental to Buddhist understanding, even pratityasamutpada that explains how we develop karma and rebirth and even the Four Noble Truths. At the same time we say that because the Bodhisattva realizes this, there is no fear and there is dwelling in Nirvana. Because all Buddhas understand this, they attain complete perfect enlightenment. It appears to be opposing itself, does it not? The only way to understand the sutra is to have a profound understanding of sunyata.

Maha Prajña Paramita Heart Sutra

Avalokites’vara Bodhisattva when practicing deeply the Prajña Paramita clearly saw that all five skandhas are empty and passed beyond all suffering.

S’ariputra, form does not differ from emptiness. Emptiness does not differ from form. Form then is emptiness. Emptiness then is form. Sensation, perception, volition and consciousness are also like this.

S’ariputra, all dharmas are marked with emptiness: not born and not dying, not stained and not pure, not gaining and not losing. Therefore within emptiness there is no form, no sensation, perception, volition or consciousness. No eye, ear, nose, tongue, body or mind; no form, sound, smell, taste, touch or dharmas; no realm of sight “til we come to no realm of consciousness; no ignorance and no ending of ignorance ‘til we come to no old age and death and no ending of old age and death. No suffering, origination, extinction or path. No wisdom and no attainment with nothing to attain.

Because the Bodhisattva follows Prajña Paramita, the mind has no hindrance. Having no hindrance there is no fear and far from all fantasy there is dwelling in Nirvana. Because all Buddhas of the three times follow Prajña Paramita, they gain complete perfect enlightenment.

Therfore know that the Prajña Paramita is the great holy mantram, the great bright mantram, the wisdom mantram, the unequalled mantram, which can destroy all suffering--truly real and not false. So he gave the Prajña Paramita mantram which goes:

Gate, Gate, Para Gate, Para Sam Gate, Bodhi Swaha. (Gone, gone, gone beyond, gone far beyond, wisdom, hail.)

Brief Analysis of the Heart Sutra

The Heart Sutra ( Prajñaparamita Hridaya Sutra) is extremely short, written in 100 Chinese characters, and holds the essence of the Prajnaparamita sutra; therefore it is greatly loved by all Mahayana schools of Buddhism and chanted daily in all Zen temples around the world.

The sutra begins with the Bodhisattva Avalokites’vara in deep meditation. Avalokites’vara means The Lord Who Looks Down on the earth and indicates that he listens for the cries of the world, at which point he helps any sentient being who calls upon him for help. Great Bodhisattvas such as Avalokites’vara can appear in any form to do their work. In China the people came to greatly love him in his female form and equated him with an important princess who was well known for her gentleness and kindness, and Kuan Yin came into existence. So, Avalokites’vara and Kuan Yin (spelled also Kwan Yin in Chinese; Quan Te Am in Vietnamese; Kannon or Kanzeon in Japanese; and Kwan Am in Korean) are the same Bodhisattva. Avalokites’vara stands for compassion and is considered to be fully enlightened him/herself without entering Nirvana because of the vow to save all living beings.

So, Avalokites’vara is engaged in deep meditation when he comes to a realiization. He realized that all dharmas are empty and passed beyond all suffering. What does that mean? We must realize that emptiness is not the opposite of fullness. What it means is that all things have no permanent essence, That their very nature is one of emptiness. Things come into existence because they have no fixed characteristics. Change one small thing and they become something else. Therefore, the basic nature of all things is emptiness. On the ultimate level they do not truly exist. On the phenomenalogical level they do have existence, temporary to be sure. These two things are not different, They are the same thing looked at from two different angles. It is like realizing that the table, the rock, all sentient beings including ourselves, have a certain shape and characteristics which we label so that other people can understand what we are talking about. But on a deeper level, they do not exist. While we feel their hardness, from physics we know they are primarily space; swirling atoms, made up of smaller parts, which then combine to make molecules and larger substances. So, on one level we do exist; on another we are made up of swirling atoms lost in space. In fact, we are all a part of the larger whole and have no more substance than anything when looked at under an electronic microsope.

Avalokites’vara realized that all things are empty and cannot be explained. He realized that our five skandhas which make up our existence are also empty. The five skandhas are collections: the first is rupa or physical form, which is comprised of four parts: hardness such as bone and fibre, as well as soft tissue; wetness as seen in our bodily fluids; air as seen in our breathing and transference of things in our blood stream; and heat, which comes about as our calories become transforned into energy. The other four are mental.

Sariputra, the disciple being addressed in this sutra, was Lord Sakyamuni Buddha’s most intelligent and learned disciple, an indication that this sutra will be profound and not easily understood. Basically, all sutras are addressed to particular people in response to a question that was asked.

Then Avalolites’vara goes on to say that emptiness and these skandhas are the same. In fact, all dharmas (things) are marked with emptiness. They are not born nor do they die; they are neither stained nor pure; they neither gain nor lose. These are the big opposites by which we judge eveything. Yet Avalokites’vara says they do not exist. If everything is empty, it does not become born, and if it is not born it cannot die. Our births and deaths just have the appearance of birth and death. We do not truly die. Our forms just become different. For instance, when our bodies decay or are burned the ashes or rotting flesh feeds nature and grasses grow. So, we have not truly died. Our bodies truly take on different forms. How can a table be born? It was manufactured, but where does the form begin and end? Without the craftsman and his tools and the people who made the tools, without the tree which grew because of sun and rain and a bird or insect which carried the seed to fertile soil, without the lumberman who sawed down the tree and formed it into planks, without their ancestors which produced them, the table would not exist. What is the table’s nature? When can we say that the table came into existence as a separate thing? We and all things are the same. We cannot seperate ourselves from anything and everyone is part of us.

Therefore, within emptiness there is no form, or other skandhas. There are no sense organs or their sense objects. In fact, nothing truly ezists: from no realm of sight, through the other sense realms up to no realm of consciousness. At this point he has negated the existence of the skandhas and all their parts.

In Theravada Buddhism the skandhas are taken very seriously because that is where we develop our karma. If we want to save ourselves from the endless realm of births and deaths and rebirths we need to free ourselves from these influences, to gain mastery of them. But here Avalokites’vara says they do not exist. There is not even purity or impurity.

It then goes on to deny the existence of one of the three teachings upon which Buddhism rests: pratityasamutpada, when it says no ignoranceand no ending of ignorance and so on until we come to no old age and death and no ending of old age and death. What is left out are the ten stages between ignorance (avidya) and death (Jara marana). These, as you know, are past karmic habit patterns (samskara), consciousness (vijñana), mind and matter (nama-rupa), six senses spheres (salayatana), sense contact (sparsa), sensations (vedana), craving (trsna), grasping (upadana), becoming (bhava), birth (jati). Now it has denied the existence of pratityasamutpada (the formula that explains how we develop our karmic habit patterns).

It next attacks the four noble truths with “No suffering, origination, extinction or path.” What impudence to deny Lord Buddha’s teachings! At this point all Buddhist theories have been denied.

The sutra appears to do an about face when it continues with “Because the Bodhisattva follows Prajña paramita, the mind has no hindrance. Having no hindrance there is no fear and far from all fantasy there is dwelling in Nirvana.” It continues with “Because all Buddhas of the three times follow Prajña paramita, they gain complete perfect enlightenment.”

Of course, we all know that when we start to practice meditation a tree is a tree, a mountain a mountain and a stream a stream. After a while our perception changes and we realize that they are not what they appear to be. At that point when we see everything as empty, we are half way around the circle. Once we complete the cycle we see again that a tree is a tree, a mountain is a mountain and a stream is a stream. But such a different perception.

It is because of this understanding that the Bodhisattva has no fear and is far from all fantasy. The Buddhas gain complete enlightenment.

We must realize completely that sunyata or emptiness is both its phenomenalogical aspect as well as its absolute level. Of course, on the absolute level none of this exists. But still we live our lives on the phenomenalogical level. Therefore, we keep on creating karma. It is when we truly always live in emptiness that we no longer create karma and live in enlightenment instead.

IBMC web page is found at:
InternationalBuddhistMeditationCtr.org
You can email us at: IBMC@InternationalBuddhistMeditationCtr.
Rev. Karuna’s email address is: Karunadh@earthlink.net
Karuna’s web page is:
www. home.earthlink.net/~karunadh
Rev. Kusala’s email: Kusala@kusala.org
Rev. Kusala’s web page: www.kusala.org
Rev. Shanti’s email: Hshanti@earthlink.net
Rev. Prabuddhi’s email: Prabuddhi@yahoo.com
Rev. Vajra’s email: Madmonk88@aol.com
Bro. Sunya’s email: Sunya2@Earthlink.net

Bro. Ksanti and Bro.Sraddha’s email:
VictorTom@aol.com